Framing in media and communication studies: A bibliometric analysis
Abstract
This paper presents a comprehensive bibliometric analysis of framing and frame theory in media and communication studies, utilizing Web of Science (WOS) data from 2014 to 2023. Framing, as a critical concept in media discourse, shapes public perception by highlighting specific aspects of information while downplaying others. Despite its central role in political communication, news framing, and social media research, there is a notable gap in better incorporating linguistic perspectives, particularly metaphor framing, within the existing literature. Using VOSviewer, this study analyzes co-occurrence networks and thematic clusters to map the evolving landscape of framing research. The results reveal key areas of focus, including political communication, science communication, and identity politics on social media platforms, while also highlighting the underrepresentation of linguistic approaches. This analysis not only identifies influential authors and institutions but also underscores the need for further integrating cognitive linguistic theories, such as metaphor framing, to deepen our understanding of how media discourse constructs reality. The paper concludes by suggesting directions for future research, calling for more interdisciplinary studies to explore the complex mechanisms underlying media framing.
References
1. Entman RM. Projections of Power. University of Chicago Press; 2003.
2. Rooke M. Alternative media framing of COVID-19 risks. Current Sociology. 2021; 69(4): 584-602. doi: 10.1177/00113921211006115
3. Lundahl O. Media framing of social media addiction in the UK and the US. International Journal of Consumer Studies. 2020; 45(5): 1103-1116. doi: 10.1111/ijcs.12636
4. Gui L. Media framing of fighting COVID‐19 in China. Sociology of Health & Illness. 2021; 43(4): 966-970. doi: 10.1111/1467-9566.13271
5. Milutinović I. Media framing of COVID-19 pandemic in the transitional regime of Serbia: Exploring discourses and strategies. Media, Culture & Society. 2021; 43(7): 1311-1327. doi: 10.1177/0163443720986003
6. Colistra R, Johnson CB. Framing the Legalization of Marriage for Same-Sex Couples: An Examination of News Coverage Surrounding the U.S. Supreme Court’s Landmark Decision. Journal of Homosexuality. 2019; 68(1): 88-111. doi: 10.1080/00918369.2019.1627128
7. Gamson WA. Hiroshima, the Holocaust, and the Politics of Exclusion: 1994 Presidential Address. American Sociological Review. 1995; 60(1): 1. doi: 10.2307/2096342
8. Nelson TE, Clawson RA, Oxley ZM. Media Framing of a Civil Liberties Conflict and Its Effect on Tolerance. American Political Science Review. 1997; 91(3): 567-583. doi: 10.2307/2952075
9. Wicke P, Bolognesi MM. Framing COVID-19: How we conceptualize and discuss the pandemic on Twitter. Athanasopoulos P, ed. PLOS ONE. 2020; 15(9): e0240010. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0240010
10. Araújo B, Prior H. Framing Political Populism: The Role of Media in Framing the Election of Jair Bolsonaro. Journalism Practice. 2020; 15(2): 226-242. doi: 10.1080/17512786.2019.1709881
11. van Eck NJ, Waltman L. Software survey: VOSviewer, a computer program for bibliometric mapping. Scientometrics. 2009; 84(2): 523-538. doi: 10.1007/s11192-009-0146-3
12. Huang L, Chen K, Zhou M. Climate change and carbon sink: a bibliometric analysis. Environmental Science and Pollution Research. 2020; 27(8): 8740-8758. doi: 10.1007/s11356-019-07489-6
13. Goffman E. Frame Analysis: An Essay on the Organization of Experience. Northeastern University Press; 1974.
14. Entman RM. Framing: Toward Clarification of a Fractured Paradigm. Journal of Communication. 1993; 43(4): 51-58. doi: 10.1111/j.1460-2466.1993.tb01304.x
15. McCombs M. Setting the agenda: The mass media and public opinion. Blackwell Publishing; 2004.
16. Iyengar S, & Kinder DR. News That Matters: Television and American Opinion. University of Chicago Press; 1987.
17. Scheufele DA. Agenda-setting, priming, and framing revisited: Another look at cognitive effects of political communication. Mass Communication & Society. 2000; 3(3), 297-316. doi: 10.1207/S15327825MCS0323_07
18. Calvo E, Ventura T. Will I Get COVID-19? Partisanship, Social Media Frames, and Perceptions of Health Risk in Brazil. Latin American Politics and Society. 2020; 63(1): 1-26. doi: 10.1017/lap.2020.30
19. Guenther L, Gaertner M, Zeitz J. Framing as a Concept for Health Communication: A Systematic Review. Health Communication. 2020; 36(7): 891-899. doi: 10.1080/10410236.2020.1723048
20. Skillington T. Where does the true value of a frame analysis approach lie? A Reply to van Dijk. Discourse Studies. 2023; 25(2): 288-296. doi: 10.1177/14614456231155088
21. Everitt BS, Landau S, Leese M, et al. Cluster Analysis. Wiley Series in Probability and Statistics. 2011. doi: 10.1002/9780470977811
22. Martínez-Gómez A. Bibliometrics as a tool to map uncharted territory: A study on non-professional interpreting. Perspectives. 2015; 23(2): 205-222. doi: 10.1080/0907676x.2015.1010550
23. Gong Y, Lyu B, Gao X. Research on Teaching Chinese as a Second or Foreign Language in and Outside Mainland China: A Bibliometric Analysis. The Asia-Pacific Education Researcher. 2018; 27(4): 277-289. doi: 10.1007/s40299-018-0385-2
24. Yilmaz RM, Topu FB, Takkaç Tulgar A. An examination of the studies on foreign language teaching in pre-school education: a bibliometric mapping analysis. Computer Assisted Language Learning. 2019; 35(3): 270-293. doi: 10.1080/09588221.2019.1681465
25. Kees J, Berry C, Burton S, Sheehan K. An analysis of data quality: professional panels, student subject pools, and Amazon's Mechanical Turk. Journal of Advertising. 2017; 46(1): 141-155. doi: 10.1080/00913367.2016.1269304
26. Cacciatore MA, Scheufele DA, Iyengar S. The end of framing as we know it… and the future of media effects. Mass Communication and Society. 2016, 19(1): 7-23. doi: 10.1080/15205436.2015.1068811
27. Neuman WR, Guggenheim L, Mo SA, Bae SY. The dynamics of public attention: agenda-setting theory meets big data. Journal of Communication. 2014; 64(2): 193-214. doi: 10.1111/jcom.12088
28. Abidin C. “Aren’t these just young, rich women doing vain things online?”: influencer selfies as subversive frivolity. Social Media+ Society. 2016; 2(2): 1-17. doi: 10.1177/2056305116641342
29. Clark R. “Hope in a hashtag”: the discursive activism of #WhyIStayed. Feminist Media Studies. 2016; 16(5): 788-804. doi: 10.1080/14680777.2016.1138235
30. Jacobi C, van Atteveldt W, Welbers K. Quantitative analysis of large amounts of journalistic texts using topic modelling. Digital Journalism. 2015; 4(1): 89–106. doi: 10.1080/21670811.2015.1093271.
31. Ahmed S, Matthes J. Media representation of Muslims and Islam from 2000 to 2015: a meta-analysis. International communication Gazette. 2017; 79(3): 219-244. doi: 10.1177/1748048516656305
32. Nabi R L, Gustafson A, Jensen R. Framing climate change: exploring the role of emotion in generating advocacy behavior. Science Communication. 2018; 40(4): 442-468. doi: 10.1177/1075547018776019
33. Livingstone S, Ólafsson K, Helsper E J, Lupiáñez-Villanueva F, Veltri GA, Folkvord F. Maximizing opportunities and minimizing risks for children online: the role of digital skills in emerging strategies of parental mediation. Journal of Communication. 2017; 67(1): 82-105. doi: 10.1111/jcom.12277
34. Nisbet MC. Communicating Climate Change: Why Frames Matter for Public Engagement. Environment: Science and Policy for Sustainable Development. 2009; 51(2): 12-23. doi: 10.3200/envt.51.2.12-23
35. Lecheler S, de Vreese CH. News Framing Effects. Routledge; 2018.
36. Schäfer MS, O’Neill S. Frame Analysis in Climate Change Communication. Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Climate Science. 2017. doi: 10.1093/acrefore/9780190228620.013.487
37. Chong D, Druckman JN. Framing Theory. Annual Review of Political Science. 2007; 10(1): 103-126. doi: 10.1146/annurev.polisci.10.072805.103054
38. Esser F, & Strömbäck J. Mediation of politics: Political communication in the media society. Palgrave Macmillan; 2014.
39. McCombs ME, Shaw DL. The Agenda-Setting Function of Mass Media. Public Opinion Quarterly. 1972; 36(2): 176. doi: 10.1086/267990
40. Jackson SJ, Bailey M, Foucault Welles B. #HashtagActivism. The MIT Press; 2020.
41. Freelon D, McIlwain CD, & Clark MD. Beyond the hashtags: #Ferguson, #BlackLivesMatter, and the online struggle for offline justice. American Political Science Review. 2020; 113(3): 618-634.
42. Zhou X, Wellman B, & Yu J. Reframing big data’s big framing problem. New Media & Society. 2020; 22(3): 411-425.
43. Mellon J, Prosser C. Twitter and Facebook are not representative of the general population: Political attitudes and demographics of British social media users. Research & Politics. 2017; 4(3). doi: 10.1177/2053168017720008
44. Matthes J. Framing Politics. American Behavioral Scientist. 2011; 56(3): 247-259. doi: 10.1177/0002764211426324
45. Tewksbury D, & Riles JM. Framing effects. The Oxford handbook of political communication. Oxford University Press; 2017.
46. Van Gorp B. The Constructionist Approach to Framing: Bringing Culture Back In. Journal of Communication. 2006; 57(1): 60-78. doi: 10.1111/j.0021-9916.2007.00329.x
47. Lakoff G, & Johnson M. Metaphors we live by. University of Chicago Press; 1980.
48. Charteris-Black J. Corpus Approaches to Critical Metaphor Analysis. Palgrave Macmillan UK; 2004.
49. Musolff A. Political metaphor analysis: Discourse and scenarios. Bloomsbury Publishing; 2016.
50. Hart C. Animals vs. armies. Journal of Language and Politics. 2020; 20(2): 226-253. doi: 10.1075/jlp.20032.har
51. Taylor C, Kidgell J. Flu-like pandemics and metaphor pre-covid: A corpus investigation. Discourse, Context & Media. 2021; 41: 100503. doi: 10.1016/j.dcm.2021.100503
52. Martin CA, Fozdar F. The master’s tools: Media repurposing of exclusionary metaphors to challenge racist constructions of migrants. Discourse & Society. 2021; 33(1): 56-73. doi: 10.1177/09579265211048681
53. Demjén Z, Semino E. Metaphor, Metonymy and Framing in Discourse. The Cambridge Handbook of Discourse Studies. 2020; 213-234. doi: 10.1017/9781108348195.011
54. Zeng WH, Burgers C, Ahrens K. Framing metaphor use over time: ‘Free Economy’ metaphors in Hong Kong political discourse (1997–2017). Lingua. 2021; 252: 102955. doi: 10.1016/j.lingua.2020.102955
55. Thibodeau P. The function of metaphor framing, deliberate or otherwise, in a social world. Metaphor and the Social World. 2017; 7(2): 270-290. doi: 10.1075/msw.7.2.06thi
56. Burgers C, & Ahrens K. Change in metaphorical framing: Metaphors of TRADE in 225 years of State of the Union Addresses (1790-2014). Applied Linguistics. 2022; 43(2): 379-399.
57. Gonçalves I. Promoting Hate Speech by Dehumanizing Metaphors of Immigration. Journalism Practice. 2023; 18(2): 265-282. doi: 10.1080/17512786.2023.2212661
58. Brugman BC, Burgers C, Vis B. Metaphorical framing in political discourse through words vs. concepts: a meta-analysis. Language and Cognition. 2019; 11(1): 41-65. doi: 10.1017/langcog.2019.5
Copyright (c) 2024 Qijun Song
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
